LIBANO UN PAIS DE CONTRASTES//LEBANON, A COUNTRY OF CONTRASTS
Durante mucho tiempo, solo conocía Líbano, por algunas noticias del telediario.
Unos años antes en Francia, había entablado amistad con unos militares de una unidad de paracaidistas que se dirigían al Líbano de misión. Solo tres meses después el 23 de octubre de 1983, en dos ataques provocados por la Yihad Islámica, con coche bomba, en la zona de Beirut, contra la Base de Marines de Estados Unidos y del Cuartel General de los franceses muy próximo al anterior, produjo la muerte de 241 marines y 58 franceses, en el mismo también murieron 6 civiles.
En el verano de 2006, Galicia sufrió un verano muy caliente con una serie de
El Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas, emitió la Resolución 1701, con el fin de enviar una Fuerza de Interposición de Cascos Azules, para poner fin al
El primer contingente español lo formo la Infantería de Marina, quienes realizaron un desembarco en la playa de Tiro, desde donde se trasladaron a Marjayoum, para realizar los trabajos de fortificación de lo que consistiría después la Base Cervantes. Esta avanzadilla sería después sustituida por Fuerzas de la Legión, constituyendo la Operación Libre Hidalgo I, comenzando continuas rotaciones de distintas Unidades desde 2007 hasta la actualidad.
En febrero de 2007, tomaba un vuelo de Ali Italia, de Madrid a Milán, de donde volaría de Milán a Beirut. Tanto la primera parte hasta Milán, como la segunda hasta Beirut, resultó un vuelo apacible y tranquilo, pero cuando estábamos llegando al aeropuerto de Rafik Hariri, las nubes cubrían completamente la ciudad, de entre las mismas y escasos metros del avión surgió un caza de las IDF israelí en vertical, que a punto estuvo de colisionar con el nuestro, yo que iba en el primer asiento de la derecha, lo pude ver nítidamente, la reacción del piloto de girar bruscamente evitó la colisión. Sin más sobresaltos tomamos tierra.
Desde la capital, me trasladé al sur en un vehículo, viendo desde el mismo, los efectos de la reciente guerra, casas destruidas, socavones por explosiones de las
La
primera pregunta que me hice a mí mismo, era porque le llamaban al Líbano el
País de los Cedros, porque más bien era escaso al menos en esta parte del Sur
por la que circulaba. Sin embargo, vi la importancia de este árbol, pues la
bandera del Líbano, se diferencia de la de Austria, precisamente porque en la
franja central de la misma, se representa en verde este árbol tan singular.
Durante
el trayecto, pasamos bastantes controles del ejército y la policía libanesa,
pero en ninguno de ellos tuve que bajar
del vehículo.
Al ver los restos de la contienda de 2006, pude comprender, como no puede ser de otra manera la canción “Li Beirut” en la magistral interpretación de Nuhad Haddad, más conocida como Fayroud, cuya letra dice: “Li Beirut, Men Galbi Salomon Li Beirut // Wa Qubolon lit bahr wal bouyout // Li Sakhraten Kaannacha, Wajhou baaren gadermi // Hiya men Roni Slabi, Khamron Hiyanen // Aragivi Khobzon wa yassamin // Fa kayfa sara tamonuha // Tama nare wa doukhari // Li Beirut Majdon men ramachen Li Beirut // Men damen li waladen oumila fawga yadihe // Rayati wa ajaron al ghadi wa //Mawjon Safaren // Azharat jiraom Shabi asharat // Damaton el oummahat // Anti Beirut, Anti Li, Ahh aneeqeeni…
Que viene a decir:
Líbano
es un mar de contrastes
Es
la semblanza de un pueblo en que no hay una generación que no haya vivido una
guerra, o al menos un conflicto armado realmente serio.
Un
pueblo culto, trabajador y en el que confluyeron muchas culturas, arábica,
europea y en la antigüedad griega y romana.
Líbano, que antes de su segunda guerra civil se le denominó la “Suiza asiática”, por su poderío económico, cuyo resquicio de poder se puede todavía apreciar en
los vehículos de alta gama, edificios y la presencia de las principales firmas de la moda. Líbano, que expresa en todos los órdenes el
influjo de la cultura francesa, de la que fue colonia hasta que el General De
Gaulle le dio la independencia en 1946.
Líbano,
que te cautiva, te envuelve, te impacta por muchas razones, por la mezcla de lo
antiguo y lo moderno sin romper con el entorno, como en los Templos de Baalbek
o de Tiro.
Líbano,
con sus ciudades costeras, con unas de
las urbes más antiguas del mundo. En las que sus gentes se sobreponen a las
adversidades, para recibirte y abrirte sus puertas con la más amplia de las
sonrisas, casi sin conocerte.
Líbano, donde puedes ver una mezquita frente a una iglesia, donde conviven
unas doce religiones sin crear excesivo problema por ello. Líbano,
donde la melodía de la música envuelve la atmósfera humeante de los bares, en
torno a la omnipresente “narguile” (pipa árabe) compartida en círculo sobre
todo por los jóvenes, como un vínculo social al margen de credos y religiones.
Líbano,
donde las gentes muestran sus cuerpos contorsionistas, con el baile del “dabke”
(amasado) una mezcla entre el baile irlandés y la sardana; cuyo origen se
remonta al amasado del barro de los tejados, de forma armónica y cogidos de la
mano, para que quedase todo por igual, mientras cantaban para llevar mejor el
ritmo, haciendo de ello cultura popular.
Dabke, que institucionalizó como danza tradicional, el presidente Libanés Camile
Líbano,
donde el “belly” la serpeante danza del vientre, inspirada en los movimientos
de la cobra, antes d lanzar su ataque mortal.
Líbano,
que, con una periodicidad irregular de unos tres años, se produce el fenómeno
atmosférico denominado el “día azul”, donde la atmósfera adquiere la
luminosidad de este color, que parece envolverlo todo como una bruma nebulosa,
que para el que lo vive por primera vez, es como una especie de histeria
colectiva al estilo de “Ensayo da cegueira” del escritor portugués José
Saramago.
Líbano,
en el que las mujeres de la casa comen en una mesa, y los hombres en otra, sin
que por ello se pierda la armonía de un momento de relax.
Líbano, donde no te explicas, como pueden los ciudadanos pasar la energía del tendido eléctrico de la ciudad para sus hogares, en una maraña de cables, sin morir electrocutado. Solo viéndolo se puede creer, pues de una torreta, pueden salir más de veinte cables a otras tantas viviendas. Aunque... en tormentas con
Líbano,
donde los entierros a veces se convierten en manifestaciones donde los
vehículos que acompañan a la última morada al fallecido exhiben banderas, sobre
todo cuando se trata de un “líder” o “mártir” de la causa.
Líbano,
de propia idiosincrasia política, en el que cada partido tiene su fuerza
armada, como Hezbollah, Amal, La Falange Libanesa...
Líbano,
donde la gente puede estar disfrutando de un día de playa, cuando a unos pocos
kilómetros, facciones de uno u otro bando, puedan estar batiéndose a tiros. Como
ocurrió en 2007, en la zona del Campo de Refugiados de Nahr al Bared (Río de
agua fría) milicianos de Fatah al Islam combatían con las LAF (Lebanon Army
Force)
Líbano,
afectado siempre por los vaivenes entre Siria e Israel y por distintos
conflictos aunque hubiese permanecido al margen, como ocurrió con la guerra del
Yom Kippur en ese álgido año de 1973. Año de la muerte de tres famosos Pablos a
los que a miles de kilómetros le fue dedicado un poema:
Qué
año más sin criterio // fue el del setenta y tres // llevo para el cementerio
// tres Pablos de una sola vez // tres Pablos no tres Pablitos // en el tiempo
como en el ocaso // Pablos de muchos caminos // Neruda, Casals, Picaso.
Programa
Cervantes
Pero de todas y cada una de las experiencias vividas en este exótico país, sin duda la más positiva, la realización del Curso de Técnicas de Enseñanza de
Demostrando
la capacidad para aprender idiomas, transcurrido tres meses de estas clases,
Jhosep, un niño de siete años, fue capaz de leer un poema en español completo,
ante las cámaras de un equipo de televisión española como testigo.
Impactante
fue asistir al entierro de un niño, arrollado por un vehículo cuando circulaba
en bicicleta. Ver las calles de Boug el Malouk engalanadas con banderas de
colores, por un angelito que se había ido al cielo. Fue algo conmovedor.
Niños que en su corta edad, ya habían vivido algunos de ellos dos guerras, la del 2000 y 2006, que habían visto morir compañeros y familiares en los bombardeos, sin embargo te regalaban la más tierna de sus sonrisas durante las clases, donde se sentían contentos y felices.
Te
digo adiós y acaso te quiero todavía // Quizás no he de olvidarte, pero te digo
adiós // No sé si me quisiste, no sé si
te quería // O tal vez nos quisimos demasiado los dos // Este cariño triste,
apasionado y loco // Me lo sembré en el alma para quererte a ti // No sé
si te ame mucho, no sé si te amé poco //
Pero si sé que nunca volveré amar así // Me queda tu sonrisa dormida en mi
recuerdo // Y el corazón me dice que jamás te olvidaré // Pero al quedarme solo
sabiendo que te pierdo // Tal vez empiece a amarte como jamás te amé // Te digo adiós y acaso en esta despedida // Mi
más hermoso sueño muera dentro de mi // Pero te digo adiós para toda la vida //
aunque toda la vida siga pensando en ti //
A pesar de todo, te digo adiós.
Me abracé a ellos uno por uno, como no podía ser de otra manera, agradecido
Pasé
mi último día en Beirut, visité el Hard Rock, tras cenar en un restaurante en
la terraza de un 14 piso, dormí en el Hotel Radison unas horas, antes de tomar
un vuelo a Milán, en un hermoso día cuando amanecía sobre Beirut, Chipre,
Atenas, Pristina, Venecia y Milán, el sol ese día no quería asomar la cara.
De
Milán otro vuelo a Madrid, Líbano, sus gentes, sus paisajes y sus interminables
conflictos armados empezaban a ser historia para mí. Pero el pasado quedó atrás, el futuro es
algo incierto y lo que cuenta es el presente.
Jose
Moore
.............................................................................................................................
For a long time, Lebanon was a country that I only knew from a few news reports, the first Lebanese I dealt with directly, was on August 19 and 20, 1989, at the World Youth Days, held in Santiago de Compostela. They told me a heartbreaking story, the bus in which they were heading to the Beirut airport, suffered an attack and several lost their lives in it, others gave up on continuing their journey, only a few decided to continue and reach Santiago.
A few years earlier in France, he had befriended some soldiers from a paratrooper unit who were on their way to Lebanon on mission. Only three months later, on October 23, 1983, in two attacks provoked by Islamic Jihad, with car bombs, in the area of Beirut, against the United States Marine Base and the French Headquarters very close to the former, it resulted in the death of 241 Marines and 58 Frenchmen, in which 6 civilians also died.
In the summer of 2006, Galicia suffered a very hot summer with a series of fires that mainly devastated the southern area, for twenty-five days, I collaborated in the firefighting operation, in the area of La Cañiza, Orense and La Coruña, while at a distance of about 5,000 kilometers, they were suffering a much hotter summer in the South of Lebanon, The Lebanese Shiite Group, Hezbollah, in an attack on the Blue Line on the border between Lebanon and Israel, against Israeli troops, had killed 8 soldiers and kidnapped two others (Edgard Roguev and Ehud Golwasa).
The United Nations Security Council issued Resolution 1701, in order to send an Interposition Force of Blue Helmets, to end the conflict. They included soldiers from Germany, Belgium, China, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Holland, Nepal, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tanzania and Turkey, for a total of 13,036 soldiers.
The first Spanish contingent was formed by the Marine Corps, who made a landing on the beach of Tyre, from where they moved to Marjayoum, to carry out the fortification work of what would later consist of the Cervantes Base. This advance guard would later be replaced by Legion Forces, constituting Operation Libre Hidalgo I, beginning continuous rotations of different Units from 2007 to the present.
In February 2007, he took a flight from Ali Italia, from Madrid to Milan, from where he would fly from Milan to Beirut. Both the first part to Milan, and the second to Beirut, turned out to be a peaceful and quiet flight, but when we were arriving at the Rafik Hariri airport, the clouds completely covered the city, from between the same and a few meters of the plane emerged an Israeli IDF fighter in vertical, which was about to collide with ours, I, who was in the first seat on the right, could see it clearly, the pilot's reaction of turning sharply to the left avoided co-injury. Without further shocks, we landed.
From the capital, I traveled south in a vehicle, seeing from it the effects of the recent war, houses destroyed, destroyed by explosions of bombs on the highways, to the city of Tyre, even many houses destroyed. Although five months had elapsed, the entire southern zone showed the effects of the 26 days of war.
The first question I asked myself was why they called Lebanon the Land of Cedars, because it was rather scarce at least in this part of the South through which I was traveling. However, I saw the importance of this tree, because the flag of Lebanon differs from that of Austria, precisely because in the central strip of it, this unique tree is represented in green.
During the journey, we passed quite a few checkpoints of the Lebanese army and police, but in none of them did I have to get out of the vehicle.
Al ver los restos de la contienda de 2006, pude comprender, como no puede ser de otra manera la canción "Li Beirut" en la magistral interpretación de Nuhad Haddad, más conocida como Fayroud, cuya letra dice: "Li beirut, men galbi salomon li beirut // Wa Qubolon lit bahr wal bouyout // Li sakhraten kannacha, wazhou baren gadermi // Roni Slabi in Hiya, Khamron Hiyanen // Aragivi Khobzon wa Yassamin // Fa kayfa sara tamonuha // Tama nare wa doukhari // Ramchen Lee Beirut in Majdon // I have taken the damn and got a fawga if // Rayati wa ajaron al ghadi wa //Mawjon Safaren // Azharat Jiraom Shabi Ashrat // Damaton el oummahat // Anti beirut, anti li, ahh aneeqeeni...
Which means:
"To Beirut, a heartfelt greeting to Beirut, kisses to its sea and its homes, to the rock in the shape of an old sailor. She is the red wine of her people's souls, the sweat of their brow, bread and jasmine, so why this fire and this smoke? For Beirut, its glory reborn from the ashes, For Beirut the blood of a child held in arms, my city extinguished its lamp, closed its door, I am left alone in the late night, You are mine Beirut Ayyy embrace me, my flag, stone of tomorrow, mothers' tears flowed, You are mine Beirut Ayyy embrace me. Thank you to the men like Roni Shahi, Khozou and Jasmine who courageously and heartily saved Beirut from the enemies, fought against the anti-Beirut and defended the people."
Lebanon is a sea of contrasts
It is the semblance of a people in which there is not a generation that has not lived through a war, or at least a really serious armed conflict.
A cultured, hard-working people in which many cultures converged, Arabic, European and in Greek and Roman antiquity.
Lebanon, which before its second civil war was called the "Asian Switzerland", due to its economic power, whose power can still be seen in the high-end vehicles, buildings and the presence of the main fashion firms.
Lebanon, which expresses in all orders the influence of French culture, of which it was a colony until General De Gaulle gave it independence in 1946.
Lebanon, which captivates you, surrounds you, impacts you for many reasons, for the mixture of the ancient and the modern without breaking with the environment, as in the Temples of Baalbek or Tyre.
Lebanon, with its coastal cities, is one of the oldest cities in the world. In which its
people overcome adversity, to welcome you and open their doors to you with the widest of smiles, almost without knowing you.Lebanon, where you can see a mosque in front of a church, where about a dozen religions live together without creating too much trouble for it.
Lebanon, where the melody of the music envelops the smoky atmosphere of the bars, around the omnipresent "hookah" (Arabic pipe) shared in circles especially by young people, as a social bond regardless of creeds and religions.
Lebanon, where people show their contortionist bodies, with the dance of the "dabke" (kneading) a mixture between the Irish dance and the sardana; Its origin goes back to the kneading of the clay on the roofs, harmoniously and hand in hand, so that everything was equal, while they sang to better keep the rhythm, making it popular culture.
Dabke, which was institutionalized as a traditional dance, by Lebanese President Camile Chaumoun, who commissioned Russian choreographer Igor Motsseyev, to study the steps of these men and set them to music. It was officially presented at the Baalbek International Festival in 1960. Ten years later, dabke dance schools were established in Beirut.
Lebanon, where the "belly" belly dance, inspired by the movements of the cobra, before launching its deadly attack.
Lebanon, which, with an irregular periodicity of about three years, produces the atmospheric phenomenon called the "blue day", where the atmosphere acquires the luminosity of this color, which seems to envelop everything like a nebulous mist, which for those who experience it for the first time, is like a kind of collective hysteria in the style of "Ensayo da cegueira" by the Portuguese writer José Saramago.
Lebanon, where the women of the house eat at one table, and the men at another, without losing the harmony of a moment of relaxation.
Lebanon, where you can't explain how citizens can pass the power from the city's power lines to their homes, in a tangle of wires, without dying of electrocution. Just by looking at it you can believe it, because from a turret, more than twenty cables can come out to as many houses. Although... In storms with electrical appliances, fatal accidents occur because of this.
Lebanon, where funerals sometimes turn into demonstrations where vehicles accompanying the last resting place of the deceased display flags, especially when it comes to a "leader" or "martyr" of the cause.
Lebanon, with its own political idiosyncrasy, in which each party has its armed force, such as Hezbollah, Amal, the Lebanese Phalange...
Lebanon, where people may be enjoying a day at the beach, when a few kilometers away, factions of one side or the other may be shooting each other. As happened in 2007, in the area of the Nahr al-Bared (River of Cold Water) refugee camp, Fatah al-Islam militiamen were fighting with the LAF (Lebanon Army Force)
Lebanon, always affected by the ups and downs between Syria and Israel and by different conflicts even if it had remained on the sidelines, as happened with the Yom Kippur War in that critical year of 1973. The year of the death of three famous Pablos to whom a poem was dedicated thousands of miles away:
What another year without criteria // it was seventy-three // I carry to the cemetery // three Pablos in one go // three Pablos not three Pablitos // in time as in the twilight // Pablos of many paths // Neruda, Casals, Picaso.
Cervantes Program
But of each and every one of the experiences lived in this exotic country, undoubtedly the most positive, the realization of the Course on Spanish Language Teaching Techniques, taught by the Cervantes Institute in Beirut. After that, three days a week I went to the Social Club of Bouj el Malouk, to teach Spanish to a group of children between seven and fifteen years old, supporting in turn the teacher who taught the older ones.
Demonstrating the ability to learn languages, after three months of these classes, Jhosep, a seven-year-old boy, was able to read a poem in full, in front of the cameras of a Spanish television crew as a witness.
It was shocking to attend the funeral of a child, who was run over by a vehicle while riding a bicycle. To see the streets of Boug el Malouk adorned with colorful flags, by a little angel who had gone to heaven. It was touching.
Children who, at their young age, had already lived through two wars, in 2000 and 2006, who had seen classmates and family members die in the bombings, yet they gave you the most tender of their smiles during classes, where they felt content and happy.
Children to whom it was my turn to say goodbye, I could not help but evoke the poem farewell, which the Indu-Bengali poet Rabrindranat Tagore recited to the children of the Santiniketan school in India, a few days before his death on August 5, 1941, I read it gripped by a lump in my throat, The poem goes like this:
I say goodbye to you and maybe I still love you // Maybe I won't forget you, but I say goodbye // I don't know if you loved me, I don't know if I loved you // Or maybe we both loved each other too much // This sad, passionate, crazy affection // I sowed it in my soul to love you // I don't know if I love you very much, I don't know if I loved you little // But I do know that I'll never love you like this again // I have your smile asleep in my memory // And my heart tells me that I'll never forget you // But when I'm left alone knowing that I'm losing you // Maybe I'll start loving you like I've never loved you // I say goodbye to you and maybe in this farewell // My most beautiful dream will die inside me // But I say goodbye for life // Even though all the life keep thinking about you // In spite of everything, I say goodbye to you.
I hugged them one by one, as it could not be otherwise, grateful for their signs of sympathy and affection, and it was difficult for me to make them understand when they asked me: Why do you have to leave now? That my real world was more than four thousand miles away. That I also had my own family. But as Tagore expressed in his moving poem, I would never forget them either, as they have been until now.
I spent my last day in Beirut, I visited the Hard Rock, after dinner in a restaurant on the terrace of a 14th floor, I slept at the Radison Hotel for a few hours, before taking a flight to Milan, on a beautiful day when the sun was rising over Beirut, Cyprus, Athens, Pristina, Venice and Milan, the sun that day did not want to show its face.
From Milan another flight to Madrid, Lebanon, its people, its landscapes and its endless armed conflicts were beginning to be history for me. But the past is behind us, the future is uncertain and it is the present that counts.
Jose Moore
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