EL CAMINO DE SANTIAGO (GALICIA-ESPAÑA)/ THE PATH OF SAINT JAMES
Desde tiempos remotos, el hombre tuvo la necesidad espiritual, de realizar una peregrinación a un templo de las tres ciudades santas de la cristiandad, Jerusalén, Roma y Santiago.
Varios son los símbolos que identifican al peregrino y al camino, entre los más conocidos, esta la concha de vieira, utilizada a modo de vaso para poder beber en las fuentes que encuentran a su paso. Hoy es más símbolo de adorno utilizado como anagrama para señalizar la ruta a seguir, sobre todo en calles y plazas de los pueblos por los que pasa el camino.
La calabaza, para portar el agua y rellenarla en regatos y fuentes, sobre todo en los lugares con escasez de agua.
Las rutas del camino, también se señalan con flechas pintadas en amarillo y mogotes, donde se indica la distancia que resta para llegar a la catedral.
El bastón del peregrino, es sustituido hoy día por bastones de marcha, porque se pueden plegar y guardar más fácilmente que el bastón tradicional.
Antiguamente los peregrinos llevaban un hábito, similar al de la orden franciscana, con capote de franela marrón con un gorro haciendo juego. La capa le servía a la vez de prenda de abrigo y manta para dormir.
Es fácil ver en los postes kilométricos, piedras de irregular tamaño. Hoy este rito tiene muchas connotaciones, pero su origen se traslada a que, en Foncebadón y Manjarín, Santa Colomba de Somoza (León), punto más alto del camino francés (1500 metros), el abad Gancelmo (siglo XI), erigió una cruz de hierro, sobre un poste de roble de cinco metros de altura, para que a los pies de esta, los peregrinos depositaban una piedra, para contribuir a la construcción de la catedral, al tiempo de hacer penitencia, pues la piedra debía ser portada desde el lugar de origen y ser arrojada en ese punto (Hoy la cruz original se encuentra en el Museo del Peregrino de Astorga -León- y en su lugar se colocó una réplica )
La frase que más se escucha durante la peregrinación es la de "Buen Camino", entre caminantes que se encuentran o lugareños que se la dicen a los peregrinos, cuando estos pasan por su lado. El camino portugués es un camino de ida y vuelta para muchos peregrinos, pues los hay que van de Santiago a Fátima (Portugal), para los que deciden hacerlo así, se encontrarán el camino un poco más complicado, pero a menudo está marcado con flechas, en este caso de color azul.
Hoy día los teléfonos móviles, ofrecen muchas posibilidades, tanto de planificación, como de información, por lo que es el mejor aliado del peregrino. Sobretodo si surge alguna dificultad o imprevisto. De todas modos siempre aconsejo que cada etapa, se planifique medianamente bien, para evitar una sorpresa desagradable.


Jose Moore
Since ancient times, man had the spiritual need to make a pilgrimage to a temple in the three holy cities of Christendom, Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago.
"Doing the Camino" is more than just putting on a pair of slippers and starting to walk, the pilgrim has to have a motivation to do it, in this way he will find the drive
needed to do it and find inner peace, to feel at ease despite the effort. There are different itineraries or routes, such as Portuguese, English or French, in any of them, we will find nature in its purest state, feel like nowhere else, the noise of the water running through its course, contemplate the flora and fauna of the places we pass through, To meet other people, who are also doing it, but above all it is an encounter with oneself.
"The Way" will bring us satisfactions, anecdotes and experiences that will always remain in our memory, but above all the happiness of having been able to achieve our challenge, to complete it.
There are almost as many stories as there are walkers, but some reached the aura of legend, as is the case of the noble Felicia of Aquitaine, who on returning from a pilgrimage to Santiago, decided to change the pageantry of the court for an approach to the poor and stay to attend to them in Almacín, the Duke of Aquitaine informed. William went to meet her to dissuade her, but without success, so he stabbed her to death. Repentant, he travels to Rome where he confesses his crime to the ecclesiastical authorities, and as a penance they impose on him a pilgrimage to Santiago. He fulfilled it and on his return, he left his noble life and settled in the vicinity of the hermitage of Óvanos on Mount Arnotegi, his transformation was so great that he climbed to the altars like Saint William.
Another could be the story of Santo Domingo de la Calzada, and why they have a rooster and a hen in a cage. The reason is the memory of a German couple, who made a pilgrimage with a son to Santiago, when they arrived in this town they stayed in an inn. The innkeeper's daughter falls in love with the German waiter and tries to seduce him, but he refuses her demands. Scorned, the young woman slips a silver cup into the young man's backpack. The next day when they set out again, she denounces them accusing them of theft. The bailiff finds the cup in the boy's backpack and he is sentenced to death by hanging. A sentence that is carried out immediately, but miraculously, he does not succumb to the rope. When they tell the corregidor, he says that the young man was as dead as the hen he was about to eat, at that moment the hen regained her feathers and clucked. The magistrate pardoned the German and he was able to continue on his way, with his parents. Since then there has been a saying: "Santo Domingo de la Calzada, where a hen sang after being roasted".
There are several symbols that identify the pilgrim and the path, among the best known is the scallop shell, used as a glass to drink from the fountains that are found on its way. Today it is more of an ornamental symbol used as an anagram to indicate the route to follow, especially in the streets and squares of the towns through which the road passes.
La calabaza, para portar el agua y rellenarla en regatos y fuentes, sobre todo en los lugares con escasez de agua.
The gourd, to carry water and refill it in streams and fountains, especially in places with water scarcity.
The routes of the road are also marked with arrows painted in yellow and mogotes, indicating the distance remaining to reach the cathedral.
The pilgrim's cane is now replaced by walking poles, because they can be folded and stored more easily than the traditional cane.
In the past, pilgrims wore a habit, similar to that of the Franciscan order, with a brown flannel cloak with a matching cap. The cloak served as both a warm garment and a blanket for sleeping.
Upon arrival at the Cathedral of Santiago, pilgrims can go up to the main altar to embrace the saint and then visit the crypt located below it, to pray before the tomb of the Apostle. During some ceremonies you can see the flight of the botafumeiro. It is something that is impressive, to see how the tugs of the strings, given by the eight "tiraboleiros" to the strident chords of the Hymn of the Apostle, acquire more speed and height, throwing into the air flames of fire and incense smoke, as José da Viña Transmonte was able to reflect, in his great poem "O Botafumeiro" and which is transcribed as follows:
A confused murmur arises at the moment/ of the people who fill the temple/ and all stirring like a troubled sea/ the gazes converge anxiously/ from the nave to the center/ where the Botafumeiro hangs from the strong maroma/ Like an athlete ready for combat/ that haughty and arrogant,/ the gaze walks haughtily/ of the stadium planted in the middle/ the great censer/ oscillates for a moment/ with slow and brief balances/ surrounded by clouds of incense/ as it advances/ magnificent and slow/ all flames, silks and golds/ the solemn and sacred procession/ to the rhythm of the grave psalmody/ to the melodious and ascetic clamor/ of the chirimias that sighs resemble and prayers/ at the same time outwards/ from contrite breasts/ The procession continues/ its monotonous, slow winding/ under the naves/ of the great temple/ and as it/pousada advances/ the Botafumeiro/ undulates in a growing and increasing audacious and vertiginous swaying/ into space it throws itself resolutely/ It crosses quickly, proudly, smokingly/ the wide transept/ and the height rises, and suddenly,/ it descends lightly;/ and it whizzes by/flaming its entrails of fire/ and again the height rises/ and descends again/ long trail in its wake, leaving/of fragrant incense/in its wake, dragging everyone's/attentive eyes/Compostela, favorite city/of the Son of Thunder/in you, great, famous censer/the symbol I see/of past glories/of your exalted name!/That has crossed from East to West/That has ascended to the heights of heaven/not behind itself leaving/Bloody trail/Which leaves fame/Of warlike peoples/Your memory has left, here below/Trail of incense/Of prayers that have been exhaling/Your innumerable holy pilgrims/And a trail of stars up/in the firmament/whose path of light they have followed/thousands of attentive eyes/as today they follow the undulating course/of the Botafumeiro.
It is easy to see stones of irregular size on the kilometre-long posts. Today this rite has many connotations, but its origin goes back to the fact that, in Foncebadón and Manjarín, Santa Colomba de Somoza (León), the highest point of the French Way (1500 meters), the abbot Gancelmo (11th century), erected an iron cross, on an oak post five meters high, so that at the foot of it, the pilgrims deposited a stone, to contribute to the construction of the cathedral, at the time of doing penance, since the stone had to be carried from the place of origin and be thrown at that point (Today the original cross is in the Pilgrim's Museum of Astorga -León- and in its place a replica was placed)
Before, the routes along the way were not so well signposted, many pilgrims put small mounds of stones, forming arrowheads, to indicate to the stragglers that they were going in the right direction. There are some pilgrims who pick up a stone from a post and move it to the next and pick up another and in this way the stone ends up reaching Santiago, sometimes it is replaced by an object, with the same purpose, that in successive transfers, it also ends up reaching Santiago.
The phrase that is most heard during the pilgrimage is that of "Buen Camino", between walkers who meet or locals who say it to the pilgrims, when they pass by them. The Portuguese Way is a round trip for many pilgrims, as there are those who go from Santiago to Fatima (Portugal), for those who decide to do so, they will find the way a little more complicated, but it is often marked with arrows, in this case blue.
Nowadays, mobile phones offer many possibilities, both for planning and information, so they are the best ally of the pilgrim. Especially if a difficulty or unforeseen event arises. In any case, I always advise that each stage is planned moderately well, to avoid an unpleasant surprise.
The best memory that the pilgrim can take away is the hours of meditation, silence and inner peace, he can even find solutions to personal problems. There are many who make the journey, looking for the answer to something that torments them internally and finds the light at the end of the tunnel, when it ends or in the process.
Although a more material object is to obtain the "Compostela" which is the diploma accrediting having done the Camino, for this you have to do a stretch of about one hundred kilometers, if you do it on foot, considerably longer if you do it by bicycle or other means such as horse. Accreditation is carried out by presenting the boxes of the credential stamped with the dates of passage. The stamp can be obtained in churches, tourist offices and even bars and cafes, with the date on which the stamp was affixed. This credential, once the verification has been carried out, is returned to the walker, with the aforementioned accrediting diploma.
In some places, for example in the Basilica of Santa María la Mayor in Pontevedra, at the time of greatest influx of pilgrims, there is a group of volunteers, who make a spiritual welcome with them. Some express their doubts, their difficulties in life and feel comforted spiritually and emotionally, after talking to these volunteers, especially because they are people who know how to listen, advise and help as much as possible. Even when the walkers arrive at their places of origin, they send a message of gratitude for the welcome they have received.
During our pilgrimage, we will have the opportunity to see places with great spirituality, as is the case in Fatima or Pontevedra, where the Marian Shrines are located, where Our Lady appeared in the first to Lucia, Jacinta and Francisco and in the second as a religious to Sister Lucia.
Much could be said about the equipment that the pilgrim should wear during the stages of the Camino, but many factors influence when it comes to choosing: the physical anatomy, the season of the year, the physical preparation, but it is better that everyone seeks advice from their trusted environment. Although you should avoid dark clothes, many sections pass through roads and we must let ourselves be seen, it is essential to use reflective vests and it will prevent us from more than a scare.
The footwear we wear must be comfortable, but at the same time protect our foot, since we must know that a person who weighs 70 kg makes an impact against the ground, 100 more, so it is important that the sole cushions this impact.
Spring and early summer, with days of more hours of daylight, are undoubtedly the best time to do the Camino, because nature is in full swing, birds and wild animals are more active and the trees are more flowery, the trails in Galicia are shady and cool but still in summer, The heat is stickier, the rivers in spring flow with a lot of water and the fountains flow the liquid gold that refreshes us as we walk.
Pilgrims
from Portugal, South Africa, Australia, Canada, Wales, and the United States
volunteered to pose for this report.
To all those who wish to do so, I can only wish you "Good Journey"
Jose Moore
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