EL JUBILADO//THE RETIREE
A nadie se le escapa, que ser jubilado, no es más que una etapa o como clasificaba Piaget un “estadio” más de nuestra vida. Los que estamos entrando en
Su
cabeza tocada con la descolorida boina negra, vistiendo un no menos descolorido
traje de pana, colgando del bolsillo del chaleco, la cadena dorada que sujetaba
su reloj de cuerda. En la boca una
consumida colilla apagada, para seguir saboreando el sabor a tabaco, del
cigarro liado con papel especial. Mantenía de este modo los labios semicerrados,
para evitar enseñar los amarillentos dientes y las oquedades de los que le faltaban.
Su
cara surcada por las arrugas, que dejaban entrever la dura lucha de su vida
laboral en el campo, la fábrica o el mar. Ocultaba tras unas lentes los ojos
que la mayoría de las veces plasmaban la melancólica tristeza de la viudez
temprana u otros avatares de la vida.
Se escondía tras la taza de vino, que de cuando en cuando sujetaba con sus temblorosos dedos torcidos por una incipiente artrosis, amarilleados por la nicotina
En
un gesto nervioso, cuando alguna jugada le salía mal, sacaba su boina, le daba
un toque de gracia y la volvía a colocar en su lugar, dejando ver una blanquísima
calva, que ya quisieran para sus dientes los mejores actores de moda.
Los
sábados y domingos, también las mujeres acudían a esa taberna de pueblo, para
jugar con sus amigas al “parchís” o la “oca”, para sinsabor de sus maridos, que
se veían controlados y moderaban el número de tazas de vino que tomaban.
La
incorporación de la mujer al mundo laboral trajo consigo unos cambios de tipo
social y familiar, en esos cambios se vieron involucrados los jubilados, ya que
pasaron a ser un punto de apoyo, para los hijos emancipados, sobre todo en el
cuidado de los nietos o ayudando con su precaria pensión a que sus hijos,
pudieran arrancar en la vida. Su vida, pues se vio condicionada en estas nuevas
obligaciones de las cargas familiares.
Pero
estos quehaceres extras, en sí, no llegaron para paliar el hueco dejado,
tras
una intensa vida laboral. Cuanto más activa era ésta, más brusco resultaba el
cambio en el momento de su jubilación. Pronto sus nuevos quehaceres se
convirtieron en una rutina, en la que no tenía hueco la creatividad, por lo que,
en muchos casos, terminaba en depresión, que a veces ya comenzaba, al poco tiempo de entrar
en su nueva realidad.
Consciente
de ello el Consejo de Europa, introdujo en la década de los 60, el concepto de
la educación permanente, para jóvenes y adultos, con el fin de crear una nueva
sociedad europea, para dar cabida a esta realidad en la edad adulta.
No
quedó al margen la UNESCO y llevo a cabo Conferencias Internacionales,
encaminados a la búsqueda de la implantación de derechos, sobre la Educación de
Adultos. Como la Conferencia de París en 1972, la de Nairobi en 1976 o la de
Lisboa en 1997, donde se sentaron las bases de la educación para Adultos.
La
creación de las Consejerías de Bienestar Social, trato con sus programas de
Educación, Deportes, Cultura y Viajes, llenar los huecos vacíos de estos
jubilados, pues sabido es que una persona que disfruta de ocio, aleja o palia
males en especial de tipo psíquico, pero también físico en la que más que nunca
se contempla el “mens sana in corpore sano”.
En el ámbito militar, esto ya fue abordado por el Gobierno de Estados Unidos, creando la Hermandad de los Soldados Veteranos, su auge e importancia
Otra forma de burlar la vejez, es
la de tomar parte activa, en Asociaciones de Vecinos, Corales u otros
estamentos, en los que mantener viva la mente.
Las
ciudades, cada vez más, cuidan de llevar a cabo infraestructuras urbanísticas,
encaminadas a este bien social, como son pistas o rutas, donde puedan hacer
senderismo, popularmente llamadas, “las rutas contra el colesterol”.
Como
otras Universidades, la Universidad de Vigo, no quiso quedarse al margen en
este tema, y el 23 de junio de 2005, treinta y cinco alumnos mayores de 55
años, recibían como componentes de la primera promoción de graduados sénior,
sus correspondientes diplomas acreditativos.
El
interés mostrado por los alumnos en aprender se ve compensado con el mismo
interés que ponen los profesores, por enseñar otros campos y materias en los
que no estaban habituados.
Jose
Moore
It is not lost on anyone that being retired is
nothing more than a stage or, as Piaget classified, one more "stage"
of our lives. Those of us who are entering the third part of maturity keep in
our retinas the images of the old village taverns, where the pensioner spent
his dead hours sitting on a stool, in front of an old wooden table, in front of
the cup of wine.
His head touched with the faded black beret,
wearing a no less faded corduroy suit, hanging from his waistcoat pocket the
gold chain that held his wind-up watch.
In the mouth, a consumed butt is extinguished, to continue savoring the
taste of tobacco, of the cigar rolled with special paper. In this way he kept
his lips half closed, so as not to show the yellowed teeth and the hollows of
those that were missing.
His face was furrowed with wrinkles, which
hinted at the hard struggle of his working life in the fields, the factory or
the sea. She hid behind glasses the eyes that most of the time captured the
melancholy sadness of early widowhood or other vicissitudes of life.
He hid behind the cup of wine, which he held
from time to time with his trembling fingers, twisted by an incipient
osteoarthritis, yellowed by nicotine and bluish by the drops that fell from his
cups, to put it back in its place, after he had taken a drink and resumed the
game of cards once more. with whom he
played "tute" or "brisca", with other patrons in the same
situation and sometimes joined by the tavern keeper himself.
In a nervous gesture, when a move went wrong,
he would take off his beret, give it a touch of grace and put it back in its
place, revealing a very white bald spot, which the best actors in fashion would
like for their teeth.
On Saturdays and Sundays, the women also went
to that village tavern, to play "parcheesi" or "goose" with
their friends, to the dismay of their husbands, who were controlled and
moderated the number of cups of wine they drank.
The incorporation of women into the world of
work brought with it some social and family changes, in these changes retirees
were involved, since they became a point of support for emancipated children,
especially in the care of grandchildren or helping with their precarious
pension so that their children, could
start in life. His life, therefore, was conditioned by these new obligations of
family burdens.
Pero estos quehaceres extras, en
sí, no llegaron para paliar el hueco dejado,
after an intense working life. The more active
she was, the more abrupt the change was at the time of her retirement. Soon his
new tasks became a routine, in which there was no room for creativity, so that,
in many cases, he ended up in depression, which sometimes already began,
shortly after entering his new reality.
Aware of this, the Council of Europe introduced
in the 1960s the concept of lifelong learning for young people and adults, in
order to create a new European society, to accommodate this reality in
adulthood.
UNESCO did not remain on the sidelines and held
International Conferences, aimed at the search for the implementation of
rights, on Adult Education. Such as the Paris Conference in 1972, the Nairobi
Conference in 1976 or the Lisbon Conference in 1997, where the foundations of
adult education were laid.
The creation of the Ministries of Social
Welfare, with its programs of Education, Sports, Culture and Travel, to fill
the empty spaces of these retirees, since it is known that a person who enjoys
leisure, removes or alleviates evils, especially of a psychological type, but
also physical, in which more than ever the "mens sana in corpore
sano" is contemplated.
In the military sphere, this has already been
addressed by the U.S. Government, creating the Brotherhood of Veteran Soldiers,
its rise and importance
It is such that today the Day of the Veteran of
the Armed Forces, (November 11, San Martín) is considered a national holiday.
Another way of circumventing old age is to take
an active part, in Neighborhood Associations, Choirs or other bodies, in which
to keep the mind alive.
Cities are increasingly taking care to carry
out urban infrastructures, aimed at this social good, such as tracks or routes,
where they can go hiking, popularly called "the routes against
cholesterol".
Like other universities, the University of Vigo
did not want to be left out on this issue, and on June 23, 2005, thirty-five
students over 55 years of age received their corresponding diplomas as members
of the first class of senior graduates.
Since then, with more or less affluence, there
have been different
promotions, of those who, either due to work
needs, lack of opportunity, etc., did not have the opportunity to train at a
University or to take subjects that were interesting to them, can be taken up
again in adulthood, in faculties in which perhaps their grandchildren are also
training, to soak up optimism, enthusiasm and the desire to live, of the boys and girls who are forging the
future in them, with whom at certain times, they also share the same
classrooms.
The interest shown by the students in learning
is compensated by the same interest shown by the teachers, in teaching other
fields and subjects in which they were not accustomed.
Jose Moore
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