SIRIA EL PAIS QUE AÑORA LA PAZ//SYRIA THE COUNTRY THAT LONGS FOR PEACE
Esta semana, se hizo histórica la caída del régimen de Al Assad en Siria, después de 54 años, afincados en el poder.
El “divorcio” produce una
situación caótica en el plano político en Siria, que culminaría con el golpe de
estado que lleva a cabo Hafer al Asad en 1970. El mismo Hafer que ocupaba la
cartera ministerial de defensa, durante la Guerra con Israel conocida como
Guerra de los Seis Días, llevada a cabo del 9 al 11 de junio de 1967, en la que
Siria perdió los Altos del Golán.
Hafer llevó a cabo una purga en
la que depuró a todo aquel que pudiese cuestionar su liderazgo, en la que
incluyó incluso a los fundadores de su partido, quienes alertados con tiempo, pudieron
escapar del país.
Crea un siniestro Servicio
Secreto (el Majabarat), con licencia para detener a cualquier sospechoso,
pudiendo ser interrogado sin ningún tipo de defensa jurídica, torturado e
incluso asesinado, como enemigos del régimen. Las represalias eran tan crueles,
que la población no se atrevía a alzar ningún tipo de repulsa contra el gobierno
establecido.
Cuando en el 2000 muere Hafer,
toma las riendas su hijo Bashar, hombre culto, formado en Europa, donde se
licenció en medicina, con la especialidad de odontología. En su toma de
gobierno, prometió una apertura, pero no tardó mucho en seguir la pauta de
conducta de su padre, con los retractores, materializada en la siniestra cárcel
de detención y tortura de Sednaya situada a unos 30 kilómetros de Damasco.
Bashar, para afianzar el control, colocó en puestos claves a personas de su máxima confianza y a familiares, con independencia de su formación académica.
Miembros del ejército desertaron
con sus armas, formando el Ejército de Liberación Sirio (ELS), financiado por
algunos países que deseaban la caída del régimen. Pero la incursión del ISIS (Estado Islámico
para Iraq y Siria) complicó la situación, pues estos no solo querían la caída de
Bashar, también querían la formación de una Republica Islámica que abarcase los
dos países (Siria e Iraq) lo que debilitó al ELS, entrando en juego otros
grupos como el Frente Nusra (filial de al Qaeda).
No obstante, el presidente Bashar,
contaba con el apoyo del ejército regular, la Guardia Revolucionaria Iraní, (en
su día aparecieron carteles donde aparecía el Jefe de la G.R.I, Qassan, quien
parecía ostentar el papel de jefe militar en la zona). El Grupo Chii libanés, proiraní
Hezbollah y el ejército ruso, que contaba con dos bases en el país. Lo que,
pese a momentos de debilidad, le permitió mantenerse hasta ahora en el poder.
En los últimos días la repentina
incursión del grupo Hayat Tharir al Sham (HTS) con la toma de Alepo y el asedio
al gobierno, propició la caída de Bashar al Assad, que terminó huyendo con su familia
a Rusia, donde recibió asilo político.
Ahmed al Charaa alias Abu Mohammed
al Jawlani, líder del HTS, se hizo con las riendas del gobierno, el primer
ministro Mohammad al Jalali, prometió darle el traspaso de poder.
La caída del Régimen permitió ver
los horrores de la antes citada cárcel de detención, tortura y exterminio de
Sednaya, donde se encontraron cadáveres de personas con síntomas de ser
torturadas.
La entrada de tropas de Israel en territorio
sirio, tras la caída de Bashar, a través de un corredor de los Altos de Golán, fue
protestada por Irán y también por Arabia Saudí (socio USA en la zona) en el Consejo de Seguridad de NN
UU. Es muy pronto para saber que da de sí, la nueva situación en Oriente Medio.
JOSE MOORE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This week, the fall of the Assad regime in
Syria became historic, after 54 years in power. A regime that Hafer al Assad
began in 1970 and that his son Bashar al
Assad continued in 2000. Both belong
to the Ba'ath political party, created by two Paris-trained intellectuals,
Michel Aflaq and Salah al Din Birar. Who, after finishing their studies in the
French capital, returned to Syria and in 1952 jointly founded the party. In the
next six years they get the support of Egypt and create the Syrian Arab
Republic and Egypt, but it is a short "marriage" between the two
countries, as they separate in 1961.
The "divorce" produced a chaotic
situation on the political level in Syria, which would culminate in the coup
d'état carried out by Hafer al Assad in 1970. The same Hafer who held the
ministerial portfolio of defense, during the War with Israel known as the
Six-Day War, carried out from June 9 to 11, 1967, in which Syria lost the Golan
Heights.
Hafer carried out a purge in which he purged
anyone who could question his leadership, in which he even included the
founders of his party, who, alerted in time, were able to escape the country.
When Hafer died in 2000, his son Bashar, a
cultured man, trained in Europe, where he graduated in medicine, specializing
in dentistry, took the reins. In his inauguration, he promised openness, but it
did not take long for him to follow his father's pattern of conduct, with the
detractors, materialized in the sinister prison of detention and torture of
Sednaya located about 30 kilometers from Damascus.
Bashar, in order to strengthen control, placed
people of his utmost trust and family members in key positions, regardless of
their academic training. During the so-called "Arab Spring", there
were peaceful demonstrations against oppression, despite the fact that the
demonstrators carried small olive branches and wore their shirts open, to show
that they were not armed, they were harshly repressed by the forces of
order. They even arrested children
between 9 and 15 years old in Daraa for painting on the walls of the school
against President Bashar. People demonstrated demanding the release of the
children, the Security Forces opened fire, causing several deaths. Sarin
gas was even used against the population.
Members of the army deserted with their
weapons, forming the Syrian Liberation Army (FSA), financed by some countries
that wanted the fall of the regime. But
the incursion of ISIS (Islamic State for Iraq and Syria) complicated the
situation, as they not only wanted the fall of Bashar, they also wanted the
formation of an Islamic Republic that would encompass the two countries (Syria
and Iraq), which
weakened the FSA, bringing into play other groups such as the
Nusra Front (an affiliate of al Qaeda).
However, President Bashar had the support of
the regular army, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, (at the time posters
appeared where the Head of the G.R.I, Qassan, who seemed to hold the role of
military leader in the area). The Lebanese Shiite Group, pro-Iranian Hezbollah
and the Russian army, which had two bases in the country. Which, despite
moments of weakness, allowed him to remain in power until now.
In recent days, the sudden incursion of the
Hayat Tharir al Sham (HTS) group with the capture of Aleppo and the siege of
the government, led to the fall of Bashar al Assad, who ended up fleeing with
his family to Russia, where he received political asylum.
Ahmed al-Charaa alias Abu Mohammed al-Jawlani,
leader of HTS, took over the reins of government, Prime Minister Mohammad
al-Jalali, promised to transfer power to him.
The fall of the Regime allowed us to see the
horrors of the aforementioned prison of detention, torture and extermination of
Sednaya, where corpses of people with symptoms of being tortured were found.
Jawlani promised a relentless pursuit of the
regime's war criminals. Classified as a terrorist by the State Security
Agencies, since he was 20 years old, he fought in Iraq against its troops.
However, now the priority for the US at the moment is to locate the whereabouts
of journalist Austin Tice who disappeared in Syria, it would be an opportunity
for the Islamist leader to obtain a reliable clue as to what happened to him.
If I wanted to do it and achieve it, it could be an approach.
The
entry of Israeli troops into Syrian territory, after the fall of Bashar,
through a corridor of the Golan Heights, was protested by Iran and also by
Saudi Arabia (the US partner in the area) in the UN Security Council. It is too
early to know what the new situation in the Middle East will bring.
JOSE MOORE
Comentarios
Publicar un comentario