KOSOVO EL PROTECTORADO QUE QUIERE SER INDEPENDIENTE//KOSOVO, THE PROTECTORATE THAT WANTS TO BE INDEPENDENT
Tras la triste guerra que asoló a serbios y kosovares en 1999, Kosovo no acaba de lograr su ansiada independencia.
A nadie se le escapa, que Kosovo es un lugar estratégico, ya era así en los
La convivencia
entre las colonias serbias y albanokosovares no era tan tensa, en tiempos
anteriores al final del milenio, mucha gente me contaba que asistían sin
problemas a las fiestas entre una y otra etnia e incluso bodas mixtas eran
posibles.
Estos nacionalismos por una y otra parte propiciaron el nacimiento de ELK (Ejército de Liberación de Kosovo) (UÇK de sus siglas en albanés), surgida de las zonas rurales y cuya tarjeta de presentación violenta, fue el asesinato de un agente de policía serbio. Al que
Ante el cariz de la situación el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas Koffi Annan, el 22 de marzo de 1999, pide al presidente serbio Milosevic que ordene el cese de las operaciones en territorio kosovar. Pero este hace caso omiso al llamamiento y
Ante el caos y le limpieza étnica, que estas operaciones producen, el Secretario General de la OTAN, Javier Solana, ordena dos días después, el bombardeo selectivo contra las infraestructuras del ejército serbio, tomando como lanzadera la
Lejos de
amilanarse, la reacción sobre todo de los paramilitares serbios, fue la de
ensañarse con la población, buscando que estos huyesen a los países limítrofes,
para que estos protestasen contra la OTAN, culpándola del éxodo masivo, lo que
propició que al final, el pulso entre la Alianza Atlántica y el ejército de
Serbia se fuese hasta el 10 de junio de ese mismo año.
En los bombardeos se produjeron bajas colaterales, que provocaron protestas de algunos países. Pero también hizo que el presidente serbio, pidiese el
Los grandes
perdedores de esta contienda fueron las poblaciones de ambas etnias. Establecido
el alto al fuego, se puso en marcha una Operación de Estabilización, en la que
la seguridad militar corría a cargo de la OTAN, por medio de KFOR y la
Administrativa por NN UU, por medio de UNMIK.
Los militares
también protegieron todas las iglesias, monasterios y monumentos serbios, para
evitar actos de sabotaje de las edificaciones en territorio de Kosovo.
La situación cambió el 17 de febrero de 2008, con la declaración de independencia presentada por el gobierno de Kosovo. Aunque de los 193 países
El gobierno kosovar
declara el país como Republica de Kosovo, con un parlamento compuesto por 120
diputados, de los cuales 100 son votados por el pueblo, 10 pertenecen a la
minoría serbia y otros 10 al resto de minorías. Sigue manteniendo un cierto
estatus de país protegido, donde la seguridad militar, corre a cargo de las
Fuerzas Multinacionales de KFOR, mientras la seguridad policial y legislativa
recae en la Unión Europea mediante EULEX.
Por su parte
las Fuerzas de Estados Unidos, tienen arrendada la Base Militar en Urosevac,
que constituye la más grande fuera del país, “Camp Bondsteel” situada en un lugar
estratégico, cercana a la frontera con Macedonia del Norte. Que constituye sin
duda un vestigio de autoridad en la zona, a parte de la segunda base, logística en Gilane.
Jose Moore
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After the sad war that devastated
Serbs and Kosovars in 1999, Kosovo has not yet achieved its long-awaited
independence.
The coexistence between the Serbian
and Kosovar Albanian colonies was not so tense, in times before the end of the
millennium, many people told me that they attended parties between one ethnic
group and the other without problems and even mixed weddings were possible.
What really deteriorated the
situation were the existing nationalisms, which brought President Slobodan
Milosevic to power, aggravated by the fragmentation of the former Yugoslavia,
on the death of Marshal Tito.
These nationalisms on both sides led
to the birth of the KLA (Kosovo
Liberation Army) (UÇK of its Albanian acronym),
which emerged from rural areas and whose violent calling card was the murder of
a Serbian police officer. This was followed by other violent acts, closer to
acts of terrorism than resistance. This provoked the disproportionate reaction
of the Serbian army, which was vicious against the Kosovar Albanian civilian
population, providing weapons to Serbian
Faced with the situation, on 22
March 1999, United Nations Secretary-General Koffi Annan asked Serbian
President Milosevic to order the cessation of operations on Kosovar territory.
But the latter ignores the call and continues with its punitive operations, the
result of which is disastrous with thousands of deaths and the largest exodus
of population displacement to neighboring countries, escaping the Serbian
hordes, since the Second World War.
Faced with the chaos and ethnic
cleansing that these operations produce,
NATO Secretary General Javier Solana
ordered two days later, the selective bombing of the Serbian army's
infrastructures, taking the Ammian air base in Italy as a launcher, in which
fighter jets belonging to 13 NATO countries participated. led by the United States, whose first wave
was carried out at 8:00 p.m. on March 24, 1999.
Far from being intimidated, the
reaction, especially of the Serbian paramilitaries, was to be vicious with the
population, seeking to get them to flee to neighbouring countries, so that they
would protest against NATO, blaming it for the mass exodus, which led to the
fact that in the end, the standoff between the Atlantic Alliance and the
Serbian army lasted until 10 June of that same year.
The bombings resulted in collateral
casualties, which provoked protests from some countries. But it also made the
Serbian president call for an end to hostilities.
The big losers of this conflict were
the populations of both ethnic groups. Once the ceasefire was established, a
Stabilization Operation was launched, in which military security was carried
out by NATO, through KFOR, and the Administrative Security by the United
Nations, through UNMIK.
The military also protected all
Serbian churches, monasteries and monuments, to prevent acts of sabotage of
buildings on Kosovo territory.
The situation changed on 17 February
2008, with the declaration of independence presented by the government of
Kosovo. Although of the 193 countries that make up the United Nations, 102 of
them have recognized it to date, but there are still 91 to be recognized,
including Russia and Serbia, the latter only recognizes it as an Autonomous
Province, although it has not intervened in its administration, since the end
of the war, as I mentioned at the beginning. However, there was progress in
relations, with the signing of the good neighbourliness document in 2023.
The Kosovar government declares the
country as the Republic of Kosovo, with a parliament composed of 120 deputies,
of which 100 are voted by the people, 10 belong to the Serbian minority and
another 10 to the rest of the minorities. It continues to maintain a certain
status of protected country, where military security is carried out by the KFOR
Multinational Forces, while police and legislative security falls to the
European Union through EULEX.
For its part, the United States
Forces have leased the Military Base in Urosevac, which is the largest outside
the country, "Camp Bondsteel" located in a strategic place, near the
border with North Macedonia. Which undoubtedly constitutes a vestige of
authority in the area.
Jose Moore
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